Paper #686

Title:

Social security, retirement, and the single-mindedness of the electorate

Authors:

Casey B. Mulligan and Xavier Sala-i-Martín

Date:

May 2003

Abstract:

We propose a positive theory that is consistent with two important features of social security programs around the world: (1) they redistribute income from young to old and (2) they induce retirement. We construct a voting model that includes a “political campaign” or “debate” prior to the election. The model incorporates “single-mindedness” of the groups that do not work: while the workers divide their political capital between their “age concerns” and “occupational concerns”, the retired concentrate all their political capital to support their age group. In our model, the elderly end up getting transfers from the government (paid by the young) and distortionary labor income taxes induce the retirement of the elderly. In addition, our model predicts that occupational groups that work more will tend to have more political power. The opposite is true for non-occupational groups (such as the elderly). We provide some evidence that supports these additional predictions.

Keywords:

Social Security, retirement, retirement incentives, single-mindedness, political theories of Social Security

JEL codes:

H55

Area of Research:

Labour, Public, Development and Health Economics

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