Paper #409

Title:

Spanish auditors and the 'true and fair view'

Authors:

Oriol Amat, John Blake and Ester Oliveras

Date:

October 1999

Abstract:

In 1990 a new Spanish 'Plan General de Contabilidad' (PGC) implemented the requirements of the EU 4th and 7th Directives in Spain. Included in the PGC is the requirement, derived from the 4th Directive, that accounts should present a 'true and fair view', in Spanish 'imagen fiel'. Where the term has been used in English speaking jurisdictions it has proved to have a variety of shades of meaning, and to have had strikingly different impact in different countries. Within the European Union the term has been seen as a 'Trojan horse', inserted into the 4th Directive to inject an Anglo-Saxon approach of flexibility and judgement dependent accounting into a Continental European accounting tradition of detailed prescription and uniformity. In this paper we report on a survey of the views and experience of Spanish auditors relating to 'imagen fiel'. Specifically, we: 1) Review the English language literature on 'true and fair view' to identify the key areas of controversy. 2) Consider the significance of the 'true and fair view' within the EU 4th Directive. 3) Report on the experience of Spanish auditors in working with this concept, their views on the value of the term, and their experience in use of the true and fair view 'override'.

Keywords:

Auditing, true and fair view, 4th European Directive

JEL codes:

M41

Area of Research:

Finance and Accounting

Published in:

Técnica contable, 611, (1999), pp. 779-788

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